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Re: Solex's vs. SU's (Long-Sayer Comments)

To: "Roadster List" <datsun-roadsters@autox.team.net>
Subject: Re: Solex's vs. SU's (Long-Sayer Comments)
From: Ronnie Day <ronday@home.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 19:08:00 -0500
>       Just because we have not had a good Solex vs. SU thread for a while 
>I thought I would pose this question.
>       Okay besides the cool induction noise of the solex I see the main 
>differences between the two being..
>       Solex's are fixed choke/venturi designs with one carb per cylinder.
>       These are 'better' than SU's because at higher rpm's they don't 
>choke off the engine. No balence tubes between cylinders bad midrange and 
>off idle performance because of fixed venturi creates less than adequate 
>vacuum.
>       Su's are 'better' because they have a variable venturi which self-
>regulates its size so you always have a good vacuum. You get lots better
>off idle perfomance and midrange.  They are 'bad' because their maximum 
>venturi size does not allow enough air/fuel mixture at higher rpm's and it
>chokes of the engine. The balance tubes also help smooth out the intake
>pulses and you get a smoother running engine.
>       Now heres my question:
>       Has anybody ever tried fitted bigger su's to a 2000 engine?? What 
>about fitting 4 SU's to the engine and having one carb per cylinder??  Would
>either of these ideas fix the high rpm flow problem?? Could you have a car
>that had good off idle performance good midrange and good top end??
______________________________________

Here what Marc Sayer posted to one of the lists a couple of years ago 
regarding the SU vs Weber/Solex question.  IMO, it's sort of info that 
make these lists the invaluable resources. I definitely think it's worth 
repeating this sort of info periodically for the new folks.

I don't remember the specific question Marc's replying to, but it 
apparently had something to do with running 40mm vs 45mm Webers.
__________________________________________
 
Your main problem is that the chokes are *way* too big. You will want to 
run 28 to 32mm chokes. The smaller choke will provide better bottom end 
and throttle response (which, by your description, is what you are sorely 
lacking at this point). Do not get sucked into this bigger is better BS. 
The right size is better, and in fact that is almost always smaller than 
you would think, at least for a street car. Start with the smallest size 
you can get for the 45's which is probably a set of 28mm's, though they 
may be hard to find. You would think that a pair of 45's would flow 
better than a pair of 40's, however that is not true, especially at the 
smaller choke sizes. It is much harder to get 45's to work on too small 
an engine than it is to get 40's to work on too big an engine, at least 
for the street.

The 40's will outflow the 45's in all choke sizes up to about 33mm at 
which point max flow is about 170cfm. This is when the 45's will equal 
the 40's for flow. In larger choke sizes than that, the 45's flow better 
than the 40's, as you would expect. However with 30mm chokes the 40's 
will flow about 160cfm whereas the 45's only flow about 137cfm. All these 
flow figures are for a single carb throat (not for both throats of the 
carb). When you compare this to the flow of a 1.5" SU, which is about 
142cfm you can see that while the 40's offer s slight flow improvement 
over the SU's, the 45's actually flow less than the SU's at these smaller 
choke sizes. I have talked about this before on the list and it is a hard 
idea for many folks to get their minds around. When talking about the L4 
series engine, which has no overlapping intake cycles, you must look at 
the size of the carb based on what size a single cylinder is fed by, and 
not the total combined carb size.

The reason for this is simple enough, since only one cylinder is drawing 
in air at any given time, it is making exclusive use of the carb (or 
throat) that is feeding it at that point in time. In an SU setup, this 
means that any given cylinder has exclusive use of the SU that feeds its 
bank of cylinders, during its intake cycle. However it can not draw from 
the SU that feeds the other bank of cylinders. In other words you can 
think of the stock dual 1.5" SU set up as if it were a four carb setup, 
with each cylinder being fed by its own 1.5" SU. This would not be true 
if there were a time when more than one cylinder, fed by the same carb, 
were on the intake stroke at the same time. In that case you would need 
to divide the carb size by the number of cylinders drawing on it, to find 
the effective carb size. 

However on the dual Weber setup, where each carb throat feeds a single 
cylinder, the effective carb size is in fact the size of a single 
throttle bore. You can not combine both throttle bores of one carb, or 
combine the four throttle bores of both carbs, as is often done in 
American V8 four barrels, because each throttle bore has its own discrete 
manifold runner and feeds only one cylinder. That cylinder can not draw 
from the other throttle bore or the other carb, so as far as it is 
concerned, they do not exist. This would not be true if all the carbs fed 
into a large plenum, which then fed to the cylinders, but there is no way 
to make such a system work properly. So despite the urge to do as 
American 4 barrel carb makers do, and combine the flow of all 4 throats 
of a Weber dual set up, you really need to think of the duals in terms of 
the size (or flow) of a single throat. And despite the fact that there 
are only two SU's and that each one has only one throat, you still need 
to think of the SU's in terms of the size of a single throat. This is 
because that is what a single cylinder can draw through during its intake 
cycle.

In this light you can see that dual 38mm SU's would be about the same as 
dual 38mm Webers despite the fact that there are two fewer throats in the 
dual SU setup, and dual 44mm SU's would be about the same as dual 44/45mm 
Weber or Mikuni's, again despite the fact that the SU's have two fewer 
throats. However due to their variable choke size, the SU's actually flow 
better when you factor in the small fixed choke size required to give the 
Weber/Mikuni's good drivability and throttle response for the street. 
This is why, for the street, most folks prefer the SU's and for the track 
(where drivability is not a factor and only top end power production is 
of concern) folks tend to prefer the Weber/Mikuni carbs.

The advantage of the dual Weber/Mikuni setup over the dual SU's is not so 
much about increased flow (though for racing that can be a factor) as it 
is about better distribution. With the one throat per cylinder 
arrangement, each cylinder can be fed the same mixture and each cylinder 
can be tuned individually. With the one throat per two cylinders 
arrangement of the SU's, any tuning of the carb for one cylinder will 
also affect the tuning of that carb for the other cylinder in the bank. 
Plus the manifolding required to feed two cylinders from the same carb 
will almost certainly introduce an imbalance in the distribution of fuel 
between the two cylinders in that bank.

To set up your carbs correctly, you will need the following, 1) good air 
horns (not the stock Weber type but some of the good shorty types that 
TWM sells with the good radius - length is irrelevant on this, its just 
the shape of the radiused entry that matters and how the horns will work 
inside the air filters) 2) good air filters (K&N's are all I would 
recommend - the British made K&N's are better than the American made 
versions - contact APT for the filters) 3)a recurved EI distributor set 
to about 20 deg. BTDC at idle and for about 34 deg total at about 3500 
rpm 4)a manifold with a balance tube that connects all four runners 
together (not for the purposes of creating a plenum as I mentioned above 
but to act as a damper on the pressure waves that are created in the 
manifold as the intake valve opens and closes. Without these four items 
you will spend the rest of your life trying to make the carbs run right 
on the street. 
________________________________________


Ronnie Day
ronday@home.com
------------------
Dallas/Ft. Worth
------------------
'71 510 2-dr (Prepared Class Autocrosser)
'73 510 2-dr (Street Toy)


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