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Who needs oil pressure ?

To: british-cars@autox.team.net
Subject: Who needs oil pressure ?
From: "Sergio Montes" <montes@postoffice.utas.edu.au>
Date: Tue, 9 Nov 93 10:49:26 EST
Late but sincere congratulations to our Dead Languages Person for 
his witty  essay on the Roman Civilization.It is surely one of 
the joys of this group to see such broad ranging and -civilized- discourse,
for which our chairman and comptroller is also to be praised.Long may it 
remain so. 
Oiling problems have been mentioned when racing MGB's and many failures 
attributed to lack of oil pressure.But is that so ? How much pressure is 
really needed to avert collapse of main or conrod bearings ? I would like 
to bring as an example of how little oil pressure is needed some 
worthwhile historic cases.
First (obligatory LBC contents) the pre-war straight six or straight eight 
Hudson engine.No doubt an American engine, but fitted to a number of Anglo-
American hybrids,including the Railton,along with its 3 speed 'box and its 
quaint cork clutch.This engine,until 1937 relied on the splash system,in 
which each conrod cap was perforated vertically through the center and had 
there a little spoon that dipped into a trough filled with oil.The dynamic 
impact effect of the moving conrod created some pressure that fed also the 
bearing and an oil mist that lubricated the cylinder and camshaft.Many 
engines used this system because of its simplicity and because it seemed 
to work well.Pressure lubrication as an alternative had been 
available much earlier,at least from 1915 or so. 
In 1937 Hudson replaced this ancient system by pressure-lubrication, via a 
small plunger pump that gave 3 psi maximum.Now the Railton used the 1934 
splash lubed Hudson engine and it performed quite well.Railtons had 
according to "Autocar" tests the best acceleration times recorded in 
England pre-war.In Australia the straight eight Hudson engine was used 
in a very fast Hudson Special that with the help of 4 carburetors and tuned 
exhaust had much success in the early and middle 50's.And it must be 
recalled that in America,the first NASCAR champions were the big Hudsons 
which defeated overhead valve V-8's consistently with a modern version of 
this same sidevalve six.
The other example (tenuous LBC connection ) is of course the Chevrolet 
inline six cylinder ohv engine,made from 1932 to a few years ago,as truck 
and passenger car engine, in countless versions and derivatives all over 
the world. During its first, and very successful, version ( in which 
Chevrolet displaced Ford as the best selling American car )it had splash 
lubrication,changed to low pressure pump in the late 30's. But the old 
engine was much raced in its unpressurised form. In Argentina, the famous 
Juan Manuel Fangio raced Chevrolet Specials for some 15 years,not only 
Coupes in open roads but also open wheeled cars in circuits. And it was due 
to his success in all types of races with the Chevy engine that the 
Argentinian Government sent him to the F1 races in Europe in 1951.The rest 
is history, as Fangio won 3 times the F1 championship and became the most 
respected of the great F1 drivers,one who is the yardstick of excellence.
One amazing race that Fangio won was the pre-war Buenos Aires-Caracas race,
over terrible roads and reaching altitudes of more than 4000 m in Bolivia 
and N. Peru.It has to be the ultimate proof of the stamina of a splash 
lubricated  engine.The competition included engines such as side valve 
Ford V-8's and a few Dodge and Plymouth engines,all of them of course 
pressure lubricated.Only American iron was good enough for these races.
Sergio Montes      Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
                   University of Tasmania
                   Box 252C,Hobart 7000,Tasmania,Australia
                   Ph. 56-02-202113 (Int) 002-202113 (Australia)
                   Fax 56-02-234611
                   e-mail  montes@cmech.utas.edu.au
                   "Lo bueno,si breve,dos veces bueno"  Gracian


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